Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which are the air passages that carry air to the lungs. This condition can be acute or chronic and is typically characterized by coughing, chest discomfort, and excessive production of mucus. Bronchitis can be caused by various factors, including viral or bacterial infections, irritants, or underlying medical conditions.
Symptoms of Bronchitis Acute Bronchitis:
Cough: Persistent cough that may produce mucus or phlegm, often worsening at night.
Mucus Production: Production of thick, discolored mucus (yellow, green, or clear).
Sore Throat: Throat irritation or soreness due to frequent coughing.
Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or fatigued.
Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing or feeling short of breath, especially with exertion.
Chest Discomfort: Mild chest discomfort or tightness.
Mild Fever: Low-grade fever or chills, though not always present.
Wheezing: A wheezing or whistling sound when breathing, particularly on exhalation.
Chronic Bronchitis:
Persistent Cough: A chronic cough that lasts for at least three months and recurs over two consecutive years.
Excessive Mucus Production: Regular production of thick, mucus, often worse in the morning.
Shortness of Breath: Progressive shortness of breath that worsens over time.
Frequent Respiratory Infections: Increased susceptibility to colds and respiratory infections.
Fatigue: Chronic fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance.
Wheezing: Persistent wheezing or breathlessness.
Causes of Bronchitis Acute Bronchitis:
Viral Infections: Most commonly caused by viruses such as those responsible for the common cold or flu.
Bacterial Infections: Less commonly, bacterial infections can cause acute bronchitis, especially following a viral infection.
Environmental Irritants: Exposure to irritants like smoke, dust, fumes, or pollutants can trigger acute bronchitis.
Allergies: Allergic reactions to certain substances can lead to bronchitis symptoms.
Chronic Bronchitis:
Smoking: The primary cause of chronic bronchitis; long-term smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke is a major risk factor.
Environmental Pollutants: Long-term exposure to air pollution, industrial fumes, or dust can contribute to chronic bronchitis.
Occupational Hazards: Jobs involving exposure to irritants like coal dust, chemicals, or vapors can increase the risk.
Frequent Respiratory Infections: Repeated episodes of acute bronchitis can lead to chronic bronchitis over time.
Genetic Factors: In some cases, genetic factors, such as a deficiency in alpha-1 antitrypsin, may contribute to the development of chronic bronchitis.
