Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints but can also involve other organs and systems in the body. It is a chronic and progressive condition characterized by inflammation of the synovium (the lining of the membranes that surround the joints), which can lead to joint damage and deformities.
Symptoms of Rheumatic Arthritis (Rheumatoid Arthritis)
Joint Pain: Persistent pain in multiple joints, typically starting in the small joints of the hands and feet.
Joint Swelling: Swelling and inflammation in the affected joints, which may cause visible enlargement.
Stiffness: Morning stiffness that lasts for more than an hour, often improving throughout the day.
Redness and Warmth: Affected joints may appear red and feel warm to the touch.
Fatigue: General feeling of tiredness or lack of energy, often accompanied by malaise.
Decreased Range of Motion: Reduced ability to move the affected joints fully due to pain and swelling.
Symmetrical Symptoms: Symptoms often affect both sides of the body equally (e.g., both hands or both knees).
Joint Deformities: Over time, rheumatoid arthritis can lead to joint deformities, such as crooked fingers or misaligned joints.
Systemic Symptoms: Fever, weight loss, and anemia may also occur in some cases.
Causes of Rheumatic Arthritis (Rheumatoid Arthritis)
Genetics: A family history of rheumatoid arthritis or other autoimmune diseases can increase the risk, suggesting a genetic component.
Immune System Dysfunction: The disease is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovial lining of the joints, causing inflammation and damage.
Hormonal Factors: Hormonal changes, particularly in women, may play a role, as the disease is more common in women and often begins during reproductive years.
Environmental Triggers: Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as smoking, infections, or physical stress, may trigger or exacerbate the condition.
Infections: Some infections may trigger rheumatoid arthritis in genetically predisposed individuals, though this is not fully understood.
Age: Although rheumatoid arthritis can occur at any age, it commonly begins between the ages of 30 and 60.
Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial in managing rheumatoid arthritis effectively and minimizing joint damage. People with RA should work closely with healthcare providers to develop a personalized treatment plan tailored to their specific needs and symptoms.
