Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects the cartilage in your joints. Cartilage is the firm, slippery tissue that covers the ends of your bones in a joint and allows them to glide smoothly over each other. When cartilage wears down or is damaged, it can lead to the development of osteoarthritis.
Symptoms of Osteoarthritis
Joint Pain: Persistent pain in the affected joints, which often worsens with activity and improves with rest.
Stiffness: Stiffness in the affected joints, particularly noticeable in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
Swelling: Mild swelling in the affected joints, which can cause discomfort and reduce range of motion.
Decreased Range of Motion: Reduced ability to move the affected joint fully, often accompanied by a feeling of joint weakness.
Crepitus: A grating or crackling sound when moving the joint, caused by rough surfaces rubbing together.
Tenderness: Sensitivity to touch or pressure around the affected joint.
Bone Spurs: Extra bone growths (osteophytes) that can develop around the affected joint, potentially causing further pain and limiting movement.
Joint Instability: A feeling that the joint may give way or buckle during movement.
Joint Deformity: Changes in the shape or alignment of the joint due to the degeneration of cartilage and bone changes.
Causes of Osteoarthritis
Age: The risk of developing osteoarthritis increases with age, as the cartilage naturally wears down over time.
Genetics: A family history of osteoarthritis can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Joint Injury: Previous joint injuries, such as fractures or ligament tears, can increase the risk of osteoarthritis in the affected joint.
Repetitive Stress: Jobs or activities that put repetitive stress on specific joints can contribute to cartilage wear and tear.
Obesity: Excess body weight puts additional stress on weight-bearing joints, such as the knees and hips, accelerating cartilage degeneration.
Gender: Women are more likely to develop osteoarthritis, particularly after menopause, due to hormonal changes and other factors.
Joint Abnormalities: Congenital or developmental joint abnormalities can predispose individuals to osteoarthritis.
Overuse: Repetitive use of a joint in sports or physical activities can contribute to cartilage breakdown.
Inflammatory Conditions: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout can lead to secondary osteoarthritis due to joint damage and inflammation.
Metabolic Disorders: Conditions like hemochromatosis (iron overload) and other metabolic disorders can affect cartilage health and contribute to osteoarthritis.
It's important to consult with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan based on the severity of your osteoarthritis and your individual needs and goals. Early intervention and a multifaceted approach to management can help individuals with OA lead more active and comfortable lives.
