Sinusitis, often referred to as a sinus infection, is the inflammation or swelling of the tissues lining the sinuses. The sinuses are hollow cavities in the skull, located around the nose and eyes. When the sinuses become blocked and filled with mucus, it can lead to the growth of bacteria or viruses, causing an infection. Sinusitis can be acute (short-term) or chronic (lasting for an extended period).
Symptoms of Sinusitis
Facial Pain or Pressure: Pain or pressure around the forehead, cheeks, and eyes, often worsening when bending over or lying down.
Nasal Congestion: Blocked or stuffy nose, making it difficult to breathe through the nostrils.
Runny Nose: Thick, discolored mucus or discharge from the nose.
Postnasal Drip: Mucus dripping down the back of the throat, which can cause irritation or a sore throat.
Headache: Persistent headache, particularly in the forehead or around the eyes.
Reduced Sense of Smell: Decreased ability to smell or taste.
Cough: Persistent cough, often worse at night, due to mucus drainage.
Fever: Mild to moderate fever, especially in cases of acute sinusitis.
Fatigue: General feeling of tiredness or malaise.
Bad Breath: Foul-smelling breath due to the presence of infected mucus.
Causes of Sinusitis
Infections: Viral infections (such as the common cold) are a common cause of sinusitis. Bacterial infections can also develop following a viral infection.
Allergies: Allergic reactions can lead to inflammation of the sinuses and increase susceptibility to sinusitis.
Nasal Polyps: Noncancerous growths in the nasal passages or sinuses can block normal mucus drainage and contribute to sinusitis.
Deviated Septum: A crooked or deviated nasal septum can obstruct sinus drainage and lead to sinusitis.
Sinus Obstruction: Physical obstructions or blockages in the sinuses, such as foreign objects or anatomical abnormalities, can cause inflammation and infection.
Environmental Irritants: Exposure to irritants like smoke, pollution, or chemicals can inflame the sinuses and trigger sinusitis.
Dental Infections: Infections in the upper teeth or gums can spread to the sinuses and cause sinusitis.
Immune System Disorders: Conditions that affect the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS or cystic fibrosis, can increase the risk of developing sinusitis.
It's important to consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis, especially if symptoms persist or worsen. Untreated sinusitis can lead to complications such as sinus abscesses, meningitis, or the spread of infection to nearby structures.
